Ignacio IZEDDIN

Ignacio IZEDDIN Associate professor at ESPCI Tel.: +33 (0)1 80 96 30 75 Room: R66 Mail:

Links

• ORCID
• Google Scholar
• Bluesky @izeddinresearch.bsky.social

Keywords
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM); super-resolution imaging; single-particle tracking (SPT); biophotonics; diffusion processes in cell biology; molecular cell biology; transcription regulation; DNA repair; light-matter interactions at the nanoscale

Research activity

Welcome to my research page.

I am Ignacio Izeddin, an Associate Professor at Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University. As a physicist, my research lies at the intersection of advanced optical imaging, biophysics and cell biology. Driven by a fundamental curiosity about the physical principles that govern biological functions, I focus on developing microscopy tools to illuminate the intricate spatial organization and dynamic behavior of living cells.

My research centers on advancing single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to push the boundaries of what we can visualize and comprehend about the molecular distribution and dynamics of cells. I am particularly keen on using super-resolution imaging and single-particle tracking to explore how cells regulate complex processes such as transcription and DNA repair at the molecular level.

By developing innovative microscopy tools, my work aims to overcome current limitations in spatial and temporal resolution. These advancements help us capture fast, dynamic processes, offering a clearer picture of how proteins interact and function within the cell’s intricate environment. Ultimately, my goal is to provide deeper insights into cellular function that can contribute to fields such as gene regulation, DNA repair mechanisms, and other areas of molecular biology through the application of these advanced imaging techniques.

Open positions in the lab (updated February 2025)

PhD Offer: Synuclein diffusion analysis in neurons using event-based super-resolution microscopy (SEVEN)

• This project is co-directed by Christian SPECHT (NeuroBicêtre / DHNS, University Paris-Saclay) and our team at the Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris-PSL, CNRS. The main location of the PhD candidate will be at NeuroBicêtre / DHNS
• This is a LIGHTinParis COFUND European project, with certain criteria for eligibility including international mobility
• More details in the website of the project

We are seeking a motivated PhD student with a background in neuroscience and/or physics, and a strong interest in the molecular mechanisms of cell biological phenomena. The project is co-directed by Christian SPECHT (NeuroBicêtre / DHNS, University Paris-Saclay) and Ignacio IZEDDIN and Clément CABRIEL (Institut Langevin, PSL University). The PIs have substantial experience in teaching and supervision at PhD and postdoctoral level. The project brings together two interdisciplinary groups with complementary expertise in the fields of Neuroscience and Physics, in line with the 3i requirement of the COFUND call. Christian Specht is a neuroscientist with a longstanding interest in the molecular interactions and diffusion processes at synapses. Ignacio Izeddin is a physicist specialising in advanced imaging technologies. Together with Clément CABRIEL (Institut Langevin), he has pioneered the use of event-based sensors for single molecule imaging which is essential to this project.

Software/data processing engineer on Event-based SMLM

We invite applications for a software or data processing engineer position to work in an interdisciplinary team on an innovative technology integrating event-based sensors (EBS) into single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) [1]. Our research aims to develop new methods to enable time-resolved high-resolution imaging of proteins in living biological samples. EBS technology offers an asynchronous response to changes in light intensity, making it uniquely suited to capture fast, multiscale biological processes.

Following our proof of principle of this approach, we aim to develop tools to simplify and standardize acquisitions and data processing. In particular, we would like to develop an acquisition software capable of controlling the acquisition instruments and displaying a rendering of the results in real time. We also plan to improve the post-acquisition data processing pipeline to make it more user-friendly, improve processing speed and develop visualization tools.

[1] C. Cabriel, T. Monfort, C.G. Specht, and I. Izeddin. Event-based vision sensor for fast and dense single-molecule localization microscopy. Nat. Photon. 17, 1105–1113 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-023-01308-8

Publications

3D Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Imaging of Microfabricated Multiscale Fractal Substrates for Calibration and Cell Imaging Cabriel, C., R. M. Córdova-Castro, E. Berenschot, A. Dávila-Lezama, K. Pondman, S. Le Gac, N. Tas, A. Susarrey-Arce, and I. Izeddin ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 17, no. 6, 9019-9034 (2025) Abstract: Microstructures arrayed over a substrate have shown increasing interest due to their ability to provide advanced 3D cellular models, which open up new possibilities for cell culture, proliferation, and differentiation. Still, the mechanisms by which physical cues impact the cell phenotype are not fully understood, hence the necessity to interrogate cell behavior at the highest resolution. However, cell 3D high-resolution optical imaging on such microstructured substrates remains challenging due to their complexity as well as axial calibration issues. In this work, we address this issue by leveraging the geometrical characteristics of fractal-like structures, which serve as axial calibration tools and modulate cell growth. To this end, we use multiscale 3D SiO2 substrates consisting of spatially arrayed octahedral features of a few micrometers to hundreds of nanometers. Through optimizations of both the structures and optical imaging conditions, we demonstrate the potential of these 3D multiscale structures as an alternative to electron microscopy for material imaging but also as calibration tools for 3D super-resolution microscopy. We used their multiscale and known geometry to perform lateral and axial calibrations in 3D single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) and assess imaging resolutions. We then utilized these substrates as a platform for high-resolution bioimaging. As a proof of concept, we cultivate human mesenchymal stem cells on these substrates, revealing very different growth patterns compared to flat glass. Specifically, the spatial distribution of cytoskeleton proteins is vastly modified, as we demonstrate with a 3D SMLM assessment. Keywords: 3D single-molecule localization microscopy; bioimaging; multiscale material; fractal-like microstructures; calibration; material imaging
Single-emitter super-resolved imaging of radiative decay rate enhancement in dielectric gap nanoantennas Córdova-Castro, R. M., B. Van Dam, A. Lauri, S. A. Maier, R. Sapienza, Y. De Wilde, I. Izeddin, and V. Krachmalnicoff Light: Science and Applications 13, no. 1 (2024) Abstract: High refractive index dielectric nanoantennas strongly modify the decay rate via the Purcell effect through the design of radiative channels. Due to their dielectric nature, the field is mainly confined inside the nanostructure and in the gap, which is hard to probe with scanning probe techniques. Here we use single-molecule fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (smFLIM) to map the decay rate enhancement in dielectric GaP nanoantenna dimers with a median localization precision of 14 nm. We measure, in the gap of the nanoantenna, decay rates that are almost 30 times larger than on a glass substrate. By comparing experimental results with numerical simulations we show that this large enhancement is essentially radiative, contrary to the case of plasmonic nanoantennas, and therefore has great potential for applications such as quantum optics and biosensing.
3D topographies promote macrophage M2d-Subset differentiation Carrara, S. C., A. Davila-Lezama, C. Cabriel, E. J. W. Berenschot, S. Krol, J. G. E. Gardeniers, I. Izeddin, H. Kolmar, and A. Susarrey-Arce Materials Today Bio 24 (2024) Abstract: In vitro cellular models denote a crucial part of drug discovery programs as they aid in identifying successful drug candidates based on their initial efficacy and potency. While tremendous headway has been achieved in improving 2D and 3D culture techniques, there is still a need for physiologically relevant systems that can mimic or alter cellular responses without the addition of external biochemical stimuli. A way forward to alter cellular responses is using physical cues, like 3D topographical inorganic substrates, to differentiate macrophage-like cells. Herein, protein secretion and gene expression markers for various macrophage subsets cultivated on a 3D topographical substrate are investigated. The results show that macrophages differentiate into anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages, secreting increased IL-10 levels compared to the controls. Remarkably, these macrophage cells are differentiated into the M2d subset, making up the main component of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), as measured by upregulated Il-10 and Vegf mRNA. M2d subset differentiation is attributed to the topographical substrates with 3D fractal-like geometries arrayed over the surface, else primarily achieved by tumour-associated factors in vivo. From a broad perspective, this work paves the way for implementing 3D topographical inorganic surfaces for drug discovery programs, harnessing the advantages of in vitro assays without external stimulation and allowing the rapid characterisation of therapeutic modalities in physiologically relevant environments.
3D-Architected Alkaline-Earth Perovskites Winczewski, J. P., J. Arriaga Dávila, M. Herrera-Zaldívar, F. Ruiz-Zepeda, R. M. Córdova-Castr, C. R. Pérez De La Vega, C. Cabriel, I. Izeddin, H. Gardeniers, and A. Susarrey-Arce Advanced Materials (2024) Abstract: 3D ceramic architectures are captivating geometrical features with an immense demand in optics. In this work, an additive manufacturing (AM) approach for printing alkaline-earth perovskite 3D microarchitectures is developed. The approach enables custom-made photoresists suited for two-photon lithography, permitting the production of alkaline-earth perovskite (BaZrO3, CaZrO3, and SrZrO3) 3D structures shaped in the form of octet-truss lattices, gyroids, or inspired architectures like sodalite zeolite, and C60 buckyballs with micrometric and nanometric feature sizes. Alkaline-earth perovskite morphological, structural, and chemical characteristics are studied. The optical properties of such perovskite architectures are investigated using cathodoluminescence and wide-field photoluminescence emission to estimate the lifetime rate and defects in BaZrO3, CaZrO3, and SrZrO3. From a broad perspective, this AM methodology facilitates the production of 3D-structured mixed oxides. These findings are the first steps toward dimensionally refined high-refractive-index ceramics for micro-optics and other terrains like (photo/electro)catalysis.
Event-based vision sensor for fast and dense single-molecule localization microscopy Cabriel, C., T. Monfort, C. G. Specht, and I. Izeddin Nature Photonics 17, no. 12, 1105-1113 (2023) Abstract: Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) enables crucial insights into cellular structures and processes to be revealed at the single-molecule level. However, SMLM is often hampered by limited temporal resolution and the fixed frame rate of the acquisition. Here we present a new approach to SMLM data acquisition and processing based on an affordable event-based sensor. This type of sensor reacts to changes in light intensity, rather than integrating photons during the exposure time of each frame. Each pixel works independently and returns a signal only when an intensity change is detected. Compared with video acquisition using traditional electron-multiplying charge-coupled device or scientific complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor cameras, the event-based sensor provides higher temporal resolution and throughput on the positions of blinking molecules. We demonstrate event-based SMLM super-resolution imaging on biological samples with spatial resolution on a par with the performance of electron-multiplying charge-coupled device or scientific complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor cameras, while registering only the on and off switching of blinking molecules. We use event-based SMLM to perform very dense single-molecule imaging, where frame-based cameras experience major limitations.
Real-time detection of virus antibody interaction by label-free common-path interferometry Alhaddad, S., H. Bey, O. Thouvenin, P. Boulanger, C. Boccara, M. Boccara, and I. Izeddin Biophysical Reports 3, no. 3, 100119 (2023) Abstract: Viruses have a profound influence on all forms of life, motivating the development of rapid and minimally invasive methods for virus detection. In this study, we present a novel methodology that enables quantitative measurement of the interaction between individual biotic nanoparticles and antibodies in solution. Our approach employs a label-free, full-field common-path interferometric technique to detect and track biotic nanoparticles and their interactions with antibodies. It is based on the interferometric detection of light scattered by viruses in aqueous samples for the detection of individual viruses. We employ single-particle tracking analysis to characterize the size and properties of the detected nanoparticles, and to monitor the changes in their diffusive mobility resulting from interactions. To validate the sensitivity of our detection approach, we distinguish between particles having identical diffusion coefficients but different scattering signals, using DNA-loaded and DNA-devoid capsids of the Escherichia coli T5 virus phage. In addition, we have been able to monitor, in real time, the interaction between the bacteriophage T5 and purified antibodies targeting its major capsid protein pb8, as well as between the phage SPP1 and nonpurified anti-SPP1 antibodies present in rabbit serum. Interestingly, these virus-antibody interactions are observed within minutes. Finally, by estimating the number of viral particles interacting with antibodies at different concentrations, we successfully quantify the dissociation constant Kd of the virus-antibody reaction using single-particle tracking analysis.
Des nanotorches pour étudier les matériaux nanostructurés Izeddin, I., and V. Krachmalnicoff Photoniques, no. 114, 40-44 (2022)
Additive Manufacturing of 3D Luminescent ZrO2:Eu3+ Architectures Winczewski, J., M. Herrera, C. Cabriel, I. Izeddin, S. Gabel, B. Merle, A. Susarrey Arce, and H. Gardeniers Advanced Optical Materials, 2102758 (2022) Abstract: Implementation of more refined structures at the nano to microscale is expected to advance applications in optics and photonics. This work presents the additive manufacturing of 3D luminescent microarchitectures emitting light in the visible range. A tailor-made organo-metallic resin suitable for two-photon lithography is developed, which upon thermal treatment in an oxygen-rich atmosphere allows the creation of silicon-free tetragonal (t-) and monoclinic (m-) ZrO2. The approach is unique because the tailor-made Zr-resin is different from what is achieved in other reported approaches based on sol−gel resins. The Zr-resin is compatible with the Eu-rich dopant, a luminescent activator, which enables to tune the optical properties of the ZrO2 structures upon annealing. The emission characteristics of the Eu-doped ZrO2 microstructures are investigated in detail with cathodoluminescence and compared with the intrinsic optical properties of the ZrO2. The hosted Eu has an orange−red emission showcased using fluorescence microscopy. The presented structuring technology provides a new platform for the future development of 3D luminescent devices.
Super-resolution imaging: When biophysics meets nanophotonics Koenderink, A. F., R. Tsukanov, J. Enderlein, I. Izeddin, and V. Krachmalnicoff Nanophotonics 11, no. 2, 169-202 (2022) Abstract: Probing light-matter interaction at the nanometer scale is one of the most fascinating topics of modern optics. Its importance is underlined by the large span of fields in which such accurate knowledge of light-matter interaction is needed, namely nanophotonics, quantum electrodynamics, atomic physics, biosensing, quantum computing and many more. Increasing innovations in the field of microscopy in the last decade have pushed the ability of observing such phenomena across multiple length scales, from micrometers to nanometers. In bioimaging, the advent of super-resolution single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has opened a completely new perspective for the study and understanding of molecular mechanisms, with unprecedented resolution, which take place inside the cell. Since then, the field of SMLM has been continuously improving, shifting from an initial drive for pushing technological limitations to the acquisition of new knowledge. Interestingly, such developments have become also of great interest for the study of light-matter interaction in nanostructured materials, either dielectric, metallic, or hybrid metallic-dielectric. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in the field of nanophotonics that have leveraged SMLM, and conversely to show how some concepts commonly used in nanophotonics can benefit the development of new microscopy techniques for biophysics. To this aim, we will first introduce the basic concepts of SMLM and the observables that can be measured. Then, we will link them with their corresponding physical quantities of interest in biophysics and nanophotonics and we will describe state-of-the-art experiments that apply SMLM to nanophotonics. The problem of localization artifacts due to the interaction of the fluorescent emitter with a resonant medium and possible solutions will be also discussed. Then, we will show how the interaction of fluorescent emitters with plasmonic structures can be successfully employed in biology for cell profiling and membrane organization studies. We present an outlook on emerging research directions enabled by the synergy of localization microscopy and nanophotonics.
Epigenetic rewriting at centromeric DNA repeats leads to increased chromatin accessibility and chromosomal instability Decombe, S., F. Loll, L. Caccianini, K. Affannoukoué, I. Izeddin, J. Mozziconacci, C. Escudé, and J. Lopes Epigenetics and Chromatin 14, no. 1 (2021) Abstract: Background: Centromeric regions of human chromosomes contain large numbers of tandemly repeated α-satellite sequences. These sequences are covered with constitutive heterochromatin which is enriched in trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me3). Although well studied using artificial chromosomes and global perturbations, the contribution of this epigenetic mark to chromatin structure and genome stability remains poorly known in a more natural context. Results: Using transcriptional activator-like effectors (TALEs) fused to a histone lysine demethylase (KDM4B), we were able to reduce the level of H3K9me3 on the α-satellites repeats of human chromosome 7. We show that the removal of H3K9me3 affects chromatin structure by increasing the accessibility of DNA repeats to the TALE protein. Tethering TALE-demethylase to centromeric repeats impairs the recruitment of HP1α and proteins of Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) on this specific centromere without affecting CENP-A loading. Finally, the epigenetic re-writing by the TALE-KDM4B affects specifically the stability of chromosome 7 upon mitosis, highlighting the importance of H3K9me3 in centromere integrity and chromosome stability, mediated by the recruitment of HP1α and the CPC. Conclusion: Our cellular model allows to demonstrate the direct role of pericentromeric H3K9me3 epigenetic mark on centromere integrity and function in a natural context and opens interesting possibilities for further studies regarding the role of the H3K9me3 mark.
Anomalous Subdiffusion in Living Cells: Bridging the Gap Between Experiments and Realistic Models Through Collaborative Challenges Woringer, M., I. Izeddin, C. Favard, and H. Berry Frontiers in Physics 8 (2020) Abstract: © Copyright © 2020 Woringer, Izeddin, Favard and Berry. The life of a cell is governed by highly dynamical microscopic processes. Two notable examples are the diffusion of membrane receptors and the kinetics of transcription factors governing the rates of gene expression. Different fluorescence imaging techniques have emerged to study molecular dynamics. Among them, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and single-particle tracking (SPT) have proven to be instrumental to our understanding of cell dynamics and function. The analysis of SPT and FCS is an ongoing effort, and despite decades of work, much progress remains to be done. In this paper, we give a quick overview of the existing techniques used to analyze anomalous diffusion in cells and propose a collaborative challenge to foster the development of state-of-the-art analysis algorithms. We propose to provide labeled (training) and unlabeled (evaluation) simulated data to competitors all over the world in an open and fair challenge. The goal is to offer unified data benchmarks based on biologically-relevant metrics in order to compare the diffusion analysis software available for the community. Keywords: continuous-time random walks; diffusion in cells; fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; fractional Brownian motion; single-particle tracking
Relocating Single Molecules in Super-Resolved Fluorescence Lifetime Images near a Plasmonic Nanostructure Blanquer, G., B. Van Dam, A. Gulinatti, G. Acconcia, Y. De Wilde, I. Izeddin, and V. Krachmalnicoff ACS Photonics 7, no. 2, 393-400 (2020) Abstract: Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. Single-molecule localization microscopy is a powerful technique with vast potential to study light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. Nanostructured environments can modify the fluorescence emission of single molecules, and the induced decay-rate modification can be retrieved to map the local density of optical states (LDOS). However, the modification of the emitter's point spread function (PSF) can lead to its mislocalization, setting a major limitation to the reliability of this approach. In this paper, we address this by simultaneously mapping the position and decay rate of single molecules and by sorting events by their decay rate and PSF size. With the help of numerical simulations, we are able to infer the dipole orientation and to retrieve the real position of mislocalized emitters. We have applied our approach of single-molecule fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (smFLIM) to study the LDOS modification of a silver nanowire over a field of view of ∼ 10 μm2 with a single-molecule localization precision of ∼ 15 nm. This is possible thanks to the combined use of an EMCCD camera and an array of single-photon avalanche diodes, enabling multiplexed and super-resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging. Keywords: decay rate; local density of optical states (LDOS); mislocalization; point spread function (PSF); single-molecule fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (smFLIM); single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM)
Cramér-Rao analysis of lifetime estimations in time-resolved fluorescence microscopy Bouchet, D., V. Krachmalnicoff, and I. Izeddin Optics Express 27, no. 15, 21239-21252 (2019) Abstract: © 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement Measuring the lifetime of fluorescent emitters by time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a routine procedure in many research areas spanning from nanophotonics to biology. The precision of such measurement depends on the number of detected photons but also on the various sources of noise arising from the measurement process. Using Fisher information theory, we calculate the lower bound on the precision of lifetime estimations for mono-exponential and bi-exponential distributions. We analyse the dependence of the lifetime estimation precision on experimentally relevant parameters, including the contribution of a non-uniform background noise and the instrument response function (IRF) of the setup. We also provide an open-source code to determine the lower bound on the estimation precision for any experimental conditions. Two practical examples illustrate how this tool can be used to reach optimal precision in time-resolved fluorescence microscopy.
Probing near-field light-matter interactions with single-molecule lifetime imaging Bouchet, D., J. Scholler, G. Blanquer, Y. De Wilde, I. Izeddin, and V. Krachmalnicoff Optica 6, no. 2, 135-138 (2019) Abstract: © 2019 Optical Society of America. Nanophotonics offers a promising range of applications spanning from the development of efficient solar cells to quantum communications and biosensing. However, the ability to efficiently couple fluorescent emitters with nanostructured materials requires one to probe light-matter interactions at a subwavelength resolution, which remains experimentally challenging. Here, we introduce an approach to performsuperresolved fluorescence lifetime measurements on samples that are densely labeled with photo-activatable fluorescent molecules. The simultaneous measurement of the position and the decay rate of the molecules provides direct access to the local density of states (LDOS) at the nanoscale.We experimentally demonstrate the performance of the technique by studying the LDOS variations induced in the near field of a silver nanowire, and we show via a Cramér-Rao analysis that the proposed experimental setup enables a single-molecule localization precision of 6 nm.
One-Shot Measurement of the Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Field Scattered by a Subwavelength Aperture Tip Coupled to the Environment Rahbany, N., I. Izeddin, V. Krachmalnicoff, R. Carminati, G. Tessier, and Y. De Wilde ACS Photonics 5, no. 4, 1539-1545 (2018) Abstract: © 2018 American Chemical Society. Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) achieves subwavelength resolution by bringing a nanosized probe close to the surface of the sample. This extends the spectrum of spatial frequencies that can be detected with respect to a diffraction limited microscope. The interaction of the probe with the sample is expected to affect its radiation to the far field in a way that is often hard to predict. Here we address this question by proposing a general method based on full-field off-axis digital holography microscopy which enables to study in detail the far-field radiation from a NSOM probe as a function of its environment. A first application is demonstrated by performing a three-dimensional (3D) tomographic reconstruction of light scattered from the subwavelength aperture tip of a NSOM, in free space or coupled to transparent and plasmonic media. A single holographic image recorded in one shot in the far field contains information on both the amplitude and the phase of the scattered light. This is sufficient to reverse numerically the propagation of the electromagnetic field all the way to the aperture tip. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations are performed to compare the experimental results with a superposition of magnetic and electric dipole radiation.
Multi-scale tracking reveals scale-dependent chromatin dynamics after DNA damage Miné-Hattab, J., V. Recamier, I. Izeddin, R. Rothstein, and X. Darzacq Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, no. 23, 3323-3332 (2017) Abstract: The dynamic organization of genes inside the nucleus is an important determinant for their function. Using fast DNA tracking microscopy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and improved analysis of mean-squared displacements, we quantified DNA motion at time scales ranging from 10 ms to minutes and found that following DNA damage, DNA exhibits distinct subdiffusive regimes. In response to double-strand breaks, chromatin is more mobile at large time scales, but, surprisingly, its mobility is reduced at short time scales. This effect is even more pronounced at the site of damage. Such a pattern of dynamics is consistent with a global increase in chromatin persistence length in response to DNA damage. Scale-dependent nuclear exploration is regulated by the Rad51 repair protein, both at the break and throughout of the genome. We propose a model in which stiffening of the damaged ends by the repair complex, combined with global increased stiffness, act like a "needle in a ball of yarn," enhancing the ability of the break to traverse the chromatin meshwork.
Single molecule study of non-specific binding kinetics of LacI in mammalian cells Caccianini, L., D. Normanno, I. Izeddin, and M. Dahan Faraday Discussions 184, 393-400 (2015) Abstract: © The Royal Society of Chemistry. Many key cellular processes are controlled by the association of DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) to specific sites. The kinetics of the search process leading to the binding of DBPs to their target locus are largely determined by transient interactions with non-cognate DNA. Using single-molecule microscopy, we studied the dynamics and non-specific binding to DNA of the Lac repressor (LacI) in the environment of mammalian nuclei. We measured the distribution of the LacI-DNA binding times at non-cognate sites and determined the mean residence time to be τ1D = 182 ms. This non-specific interaction time, measured in the context of an exogenous system such as that of human U2OS cells, is remarkably different compared to that reported for the LacI in its native environment in E. coli (<5 ms). Such a striking difference (more than 30 fold) suggests that the genome, its organization, and the nuclear environment of mammalian cells play important roles on the dynamics of DBPs and their non-specific DNA interactions. Furthermore, we found that the distribution of off-target binding times follows a power law, similar to what was reported for TetR in U2OS cells. We argue that a possible molecular origin of such a power law distribution of residence times is the large variability of non-cognate sequences found in the mammalian nucleus by the diffusing DBPs.

Accessing the third dimension in localization-based super-resolution microscopy Hajj, B., M. El Beheiry, I. Izeddin, X. Darzacq, and M. Dahan Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 31, 16340-16348 (2014)
Geometry of the nucleus: a perspective on gene expression regulation Woringer, M., X. Darzacq, and I. Izeddin Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 20, 112-119 (2014)
Single-molecule tracking in live cells reveals distinct target-search strategies of transcription factors in the nucleus Izeddin, I., V. Récamier, L. Bosanac, I. I. Cissé, L. Boudarene, C. Dugast-Darzacq, F. Proux, O. Bénichou, R. Voituriez, O. Bensaude, M. Dahan, and X. Darzacq eLife 3 (2014)
The SNARE Sec22b has a non-fusogenic function in plasma membrane expansion Petkovic, M., A. Jemaiel, F. Daste, C. G. Specht, I. Izeddin, D. Vorkel, J.-M. Verbavatz, X. Darzacq, A. Triller, K. H. Pfenninger, D. Tareste, C. L. Jackson, and T. Galli Nature Cell Biology 16, no. 5, 434-444 (2014)
Single cell correlation fractal dimension of chromatin Récamier, V., I. Izeddin, L. Bosanac, M. Dahan, F. Proux, and X. Darzacq Nucleus 5, no. 1, 75-84 (2014)
Real-Time Dynamics of RNA Polymerase II Clustering in Live Human Cells Cisse, I. I., I. Izeddin, S. Z. Causse, L. Boudarene, A. Senecal, L. Muresan, C. Dugast-Darzacq, B. Hajj, M. Dahan, and X. Darzacq Science 341, no. 6146, 664-667 (2013)
Quantitative Nanoscopy of Inhibitory Synapses: Counting Gephyrin Molecules and Receptor Binding Sites Specht, C., I. Izeddin, P. Rodriguez, M. El beheiry, P. Rostaing, X. Darzacq, M. Dahan, and A. Triller Neuron 79, no. 2, 308-321 (2013)
PSF shaping using adaptive optics for three-dimensional single-molecule super-resolution imaging and tracking Izeddin, I., M. El Beheiry, J. Andilla, D. Ciepielewski, X. Darzacq, and M. Dahan Optics Express 20, no. 5, 4957 (2012)
Wavelet analysis for single molecule localization microscopy Izeddin, I., J. Boulanger, V. Racine, C. G. Specht, A. Kechkar, D. Nair, A. Triller, D. Choquet, M. Dahan, and J. B. Sibarita Optics Express 20, no. 3, 2081 (2012)
Assessing the localization of centrosomal proteins by PALM/STORM nanoscopy Sillibourne, J. E., C. G. Specht, I. Izeddin, I. Hurbain, P. Tran, A. Triller, X. Darzacq, M. Dahan, and M. Bornens Cytoskeleton 68, no. 11, 619-627 (2011)
Lateral Diffusion on Tubular Membranes: Quantification of Measurements Bias Renner, M., Y. Domanov, F. Sandrin, I. Izeddin, P. Bassereau, and A. Triller PLoS ONE 6, no. 9, e25731 (2011)
Microscopies cellulaires à l’échelle de la molécule individuelle Izeddin, I., X. Darzacq, and M. Dahan médecine/sciences 27, no. 5, 547-552 (2011)
Super-Resolution Dynamic Imaging of Dendritic Spines Using a Low-Affinity Photoconvertible Actin Probe Izeddin, I., C. G. Specht, M. Lelek, X. Darzacq, A. Triller, C. Zimmer, and M. Dahan PLoS ONE 6, no. 1, e15611 (2011)
Saturation of luminescence from Si nanocrystals embedded in SiO<sub>2</sub> Timmerman, D., I. Izeddin, and T. Gregorkiewicz physica status solidi (a) 207, no. 1, 183-187 (2010)
Energy transfer in Er-doped SiO2 sensitized with Si nanocrystals Izeddin, I., D. Timmerman, T. Gregorkiewicz, A. S. Moskalenko, A. A. Prokofiev, I. N. Yassievich, and M. Fujii Physical Review B 78, no. 3 (2008)
Space-separated quantum cutting with silicon nanocrystals for photovoltaic applications Timmerman, D., I. Izeddin, P. Stallinga, I. N. Yassievich, and T. Gregorkiewicz Nature Photonics 2, no. 2, 105-109 (2008)
Mid-infrared spectroscopy of the Er-related donor state in Si/Si:Er3+ nanolayers Izeddin, I., M. A. J. Klik, N. Q. Vinh, M. S. Bresler, and T. Gregorkiewicz Materials Science and Engineering: B 146, no. 1-3, 131-134 (2008)
Donor-State-Enabling Er-Related Luminescence in Silicon: Direct Identification and Resonant Excitation Izeddin, I., M. A. J. Klik, N. Q. Vinh, M. S. Bresler, and T. Gregorkiewicz Physical Review Letters 99, no. 7 (2007)
Er-Doped Electro-Optical Memory Element for 1.5 um Silicon Photonics Gregorkiewicz, T., B. A. Andreev, M. Forcales, I. Izeddin, W. Jantsch, Krasil', Z. F. nik, D. I. Kryzhkov, V. P. Kuznetsov, and J. M. Zavada IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 12, no. 6, 1539-1544 (2006)
Non-radiative sub-microsecond recombination of excited Er3+ ions in SiO2 sensitized with Si nanocrystals Izeddin, I., T. Gregorkiewicz, and M. Fujii Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 38, no. 1-2, 144-147 (2007)
Nanosecond dynamics of the near-infrared photoluminescence of Er-doped SiO2 sensitized with Si nanocrystals Izeddin, I., A. S. Moskalenko, I. N. Yassievich, M. Fujii, and T. Gregorkiewicz Physical Review Letters 97, no. 20 (2006)
Isotope effects and temperature-dependence studies on vibrational lifetimes of interstitial oxygen in silicon Kohli, K. K., G. Davies, N. Q. Vinh, D. West, S. K. Estreicher, T. Gregorkiewicz, I. Izeddin, and K. M. Itoh Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 253, no. 1-2, 200-204 (2006)
Isotope dependence of the lifetime of the 1136 cm-1 vibration of oxygen in silicon Kohli, K. K., G. Davies, N. Q. Vinh, D. West, S. K. Estreicher, T. Gregorkiewicz, I. Izeddin, and K. M. Itoh Physical Review Letters 96, no. 22 (2006)
On 2.7 um Emission from Er-doped Large Bandgap Hosts Vrielinck, H., I. Izeddin, V. Y. Ivanov, T. Gregorkiewicz, F. Callens, D. S. Lee, A. J. Steckl, and N. M. Khaidukov MRS Proceedings 866 (2005)
Photoluminescence and excitation spectroscopy of the 1.5  μm Er-related band in MBE-grown GaN layers Izeddin, I., T. Gregorkiewicz, D. S. Lee, and A. J. Steckl Superlattices and Microstructures 36, no. 4-6, 701-705 (2004)
Excitation paths in RE-doped III–V semiconductors Klik, M. A. J., I. Izeddin, J. Phillips, and T. Gregorkiewicz Materials Science and Engineering: B 105, no. 1-3, 141-145 (2003)